祈使句是表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、祝愿或建議的句子。祈使句的主語(yǔ)一般為第二人稱，但往往省去不用。同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)祈使句時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

一、祈使句謂語(yǔ)用何動(dòng)詞形式

英語(yǔ)祈使句的謂語(yǔ)總是用動(dòng)詞原形。

如：

Be quiet!

別說(shuō)話!

Come earlier next time.

下次早點(diǎn)來(lái)。

Have a good time.

愿你玩得痛快。

Go and tell her.

去告訴她吧。

注：有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可在動(dòng)詞前加do。

如：

Do be careful. 務(wù)請(qǐng)小心。

Do come on time. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)。

二、肯定祈使句如何變成否定祈使句

祈使句否定式的構(gòu)成方法是在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t：

Don’t be late. 不要遲到。

Don’t speak so loud. 別這么大聲說(shuō)話。

三、與please連用以使語(yǔ)氣委婉

為使語(yǔ)氣委婉，通常將祈使句與please連用。Please可用于祈使句的句首(其后通常不用逗號(hào))或句末(其前通常用逗號(hào))。如：

Please try to be quiet. 請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)法保持安靜。

Please repeat what you’ve just said. 請(qǐng)把你剛才說(shuō)的話重復(fù)一遍。

四、關(guān)于以let開(kāi)頭的祈使句

Let me show you how to do it. 我來(lái)告訴你怎樣做。

Let every man do his best. 讓每個(gè)人人盡其才。

注意：

1. 這類祈使句的否定式有兩種形式如：

Let’s not hurry. / Don’t let’s hurry. 我們不要太急。

2. let后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞要用原形，不能用帶to的不定式。

五、祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句形式

1. 在通常情況下，若陳述部分為祈使句，反意疑問(wèn)句通常用will you, won’t you, would you

Turn on the TV, will you? 把電視打開(kāi)，好嗎?

Tell me the truth, won’t you? 告訴我實(shí)話，好嗎?

注：若陳述部分為否定式，則反意疑問(wèn)句部分只用will you。如：

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 請(qǐng)別忘了寄信。

2. 若陳述部分為以 let開(kāi)頭的祈使句，則要分兩種情況：

(1) 表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，用will you?

Let us know your address, will you? 把你的地址告訴我們吧，好嗎?

(2) 表示建議時(shí)，用shall we?

Let’s all sit under this tree, shall we? 咱們都坐在這棵樹(shù)下，好不好？

Practice today:

Error Correction

1．A majority of the reports received from people claiming

to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have

proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or tricked. ___________

2. Your semester grade is based not only on how well you

do on each test, but also how you participate in class. ___________

3. Modern sience was born when Galileo began trying to explain

how things happen and thus originating the method of controlled __________

experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation

4. Restrict your self to one or two pages, and listing ___________

any publications or referees on a separate sheet.

5. The House proposal would have barred the federal

government from demanding library records, read lists, __________

book customer lists and other material in terrorism and

intelligence investigations.

答案與解析：

1. tricked -> tricks

并列連詞or連接三項(xiàng)成分。前兩項(xiàng)均為名詞，故tricked應(yīng)改為名詞tricks與前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。

2. how前加on

3. originating -> originated

And后面的thus說(shuō)明并列句的第二部分是和前面的began對(duì)應(yīng)，而非與trying對(duì)應(yīng)。

4. listing -> list

這句是祈使句，list與前面的restrict并列。

5. read -> reading